Elephants :: essays research papers

Elephants should not be killed because they are one of the main precedents that people image the foreign land of Africa. Africa is incredibly hot and is not the most intriguing place to go on your vacation. If there were no elephants the amount of tourists would significantly decrease. 20 eight percent of all tourist come to peck the elephants. In the movie Ivory Wars the fabricator says One of the few attractions for tourists is the African elephants that run godforsaken and free across the vast plains of the continent of Africa. When the amount of tourists decrease so does the money that they pay to see the elephants at a safari. Africa is obviously does not hold back the strongest economy to begin with and without the elephants to bring in tourists the continent of Africa will fall apart. Elephants are exotic and staggering to see, and without them would there really be a reason to visit Africa?Elephants should not be killed because they help the environment. Elephants a ctually help the environment by acting same a bulldozer and knocking down exanimate trees that would stand dormant otherwise. Africa does not go the time or money to bulldoze these dead trees that produce up land that could be used for nigh well needed shelter. There are too many homeless people in Africa to have dead trees taking up in any(prenominal) circumstances large parts of land. Elephants work as construction equipment that Africa does not have the money for. Without these elephants dead trees would retreat up many miles of that that could be houses sheltering the poor universe of discourse of Africa.Elephants are an endangered species and they should not be killed for their ivory or they will become extinct. In the member The Poaching Problem the author writes elephant populations have declined to hazardously low levels. At the rate that poachers are killing these innocent animal the entire species of elephants will be extinct in the year 2030 That is only twent y five years, I know that does not seem like a long time exclusively it is going to go by fast and all one will regret killing all those poor innocent gentle creatures. In case study 483 they author writes During the 1970s and 1980s elephant poach had included about 1.3 million elephants killed for their tusks. It is hard to distinguish between legal and illegal ivory so it is sold easily.Elephants essays research papers Elephants should not be killed because they are one of the main reasons that people visit the foreign land of Africa. Africa is incredibly hot and is not the most intriguing place to go on your vacation. If there were no elephants the amount of tourists would significantly decrease. Twenty eight percent of all tourist come to see the elephants. In the movie Ivory Wars the narrator says One of the few attractions for tourists is the African elephants that run wild and free across the vast plains of the continent of Africa. When the amount of tourists decrease so does the money that they pay to see the elephants at a safari. Africa is obviously does not have the strongest economy to begin with and without the elephants to bring in tourists the continent of Africa will fall apart. Elephants are exotic and amazing to see, and without them would there really be a reason to visit Africa?Elephants should not be killed because they help the environment. Elephants actually help the environment by acting like a bulldozer and knocking down dead trees that would stand dormant otherwise. Africa does not have the time or money to bulldoze these dead trees that take up land that could be used for some well needed shelter. There are too many homeless people in Africa to have dead trees taking up in some cases large parts of land. Elephants work as construction equipment that Africa does not have the money for. Without these elephants dead trees would take up many miles of that that could be houses sheltering the poor population of Africa.Elephants are an endangered species and they should not be killed for their ivory or they will become extinct. In the article The Poaching Problem the author writes elephant populations have declined to dangerously low levels. At the rate that poachers are killing these innocent animal the entire species of elephants will be extinct in the year 2030 That is only twenty five years, I know that does not seem like a long time but it is going to go by fast and every one will regret killing all those poor innocent gentle creatures. In case study 483 they author writes During the 1970s and 1980s elephant poaching had included about 1.3 million elephants killed for their tusks. It is hard to distinguish between legal and illegal ivory so it is sold easily.

Free Waste Land Essays: Underlying Myths in The Waste Land :: T.S. Eliot Waste Land Essays

Underlying Myths in The Waste Land   The underlying myths that Eliot uses to impart a framework for The Waste Land are those of the Fisher King and the Grail Quest. Both of these myths come to Christian civilization through the ancient Celtic tradition. Neither is found in the Bible, but both were important enough to Europeans that there was a need to incorporate them into the new European mythology, and so the stories became revolve about on the story of the death and resurrection of Jesus. Other examples of these myths can be found in Eschenbachs Parsifal, in de Troyes Quest of the Grail, and in the various stories of the grail quest surround King Arthur and his knights. It is described in works of anthropology, as well, two of which Eliot recommends to readers Jessie L. Westons From Ritual to Romance and Sir James Fraziers Golden Bough.   In the Fisher King stories, a wayfarer comes to a barren land and discovers a wounded king whose wound has caused the land to becom e sterile. In some cases, the wounding of the king was sexual in nature. Because these ancient peoples believed that the king and the land were united as one and that they reflected on each other, it was necessary to heal the king in order to heal the land. The journeyer then needs to undertake a quest (which fits the archetypal heros journey pattern) to heal the wounded king and, through him, the land. In the Grail legends, which are oft intertwined with the Fisher King legends, a questor searches throughout the land for the Holy Grail, undergoing tests of purity, his character, and his dedication to the quest on the way. The nature of the Grail differs from one account to another It is sometimes thought of as a cup which caught the blood of Christ when he was pierced by a spear while hanging on the hybridise (which may be derived from the Celtic legends describing the Grail as a cauldron of rebirth which allowed resurrection to warriors killed in battle but did not allow them to speak of the fix of rebirth -- a pattern into which the story of Lazarus roughly falls), and it is sometimes thought to be a stone (in Eschenbachs Parsifal, the Grail is described as a muffin struck from the crown of Lucifer when he was ejected from Heaven).

Reconciliation for 9/11 Terrorism Essay -- September 11th Terrorist At

Since the horrible tragedy on September 11th, Ameri rout outs convey been brainstorming for ideas on how to fight act of terrorism. Minds are collaborating on what can be done to reconcile the West in the minds of Islamic nations. Many strategies for attaining peace have been introduced, and steps are being made toward the appeasement of differences. The ideas for peacemaking that have already been set in motion leave alone be discussed along with new suggestions for rapprochement. Both political and private associations in the United States have introduced wonderful solutions that have begun the process of reconciliation between Islam and the West. On the political side, President Bush visited a mosque after the terrorist attacks to depict support for American Muslims. He stated that terrorism is not the current faith of Islam. Thats not what Islam is all about. Islam is peace. These terrorists dont represent peace-they represent evil and war. (http//www.beliefnet.com/). This act helped President Bush gain the support of American Muslims who had been maltreated since the attacks. It also served as a demonstration for other Muslim countries that devotion was not involved in the war. Unfortunately, since President Bushs exposure, Osama bin Laden has misled Muslims into believing that religion is a world-shattering part of the war. In a speech he gave on November 3rd, he declares, It is a question of faith, not a war against terrorism, as Bush and Blair submit to depict it (http//news.bbc.co.uk/). A top lieutenant to Osama Bin Laden said, The root of terrorism is in the conflict in Palestine. Some trust that if war ends in the Middle East, a majority of the fight against terrorism will be accomplished. formerly, the United States has sided wit... ...gout place, the Arabic version of a pizza restaurant, and rattle on about the game, life, and whatever. nearly of all, what Muslim people need to know about Americans is that we bed them. Terrorism i s an act of hate, and hate can be conquered only by love. God exemplified evil-dispelling love by sending his son to earth. As American Christians, we are being called to follow Gods example and show our love to our neighbors, the Muslims. I will agree with the Beatles and vocalise that in reconciliation efforts with the Muslims, All we need is love. Now the brainstorming is done and these ideas have been introduced. It is time to act. As students of reconciliation, we must remember that Muslims and their positions can change. However, reconciliation first-year requires risk and sacrifice. We must take up the challenge and walk through the door of reconciliation while it is open. Reconciliation for 9/11 Terrorism audition -- September 11th Terrorist AtSince the horrible tragedy on September 11th, Americans have been brainstorming for ideas on how to fight terrorism. Minds are collaborating on what can be done to reconcile the West in the minds of Islamic nations. Many strategies for attaining peace have been introduced, and steps are being made toward the appeasement of differences. The ideas for peacemaking that have already been set in motion will be discussed along with new suggestions for reconciliation. Both political and private associations in the United States have introduced wonderful solutions that have begun the process of reconciliation between Islam and the West. On the political side, President Bush visited a mosque after the terrorist attacks to depict support for American Muslims. He stated that terrorism is not the true faith of Islam. Thats not what Islam is all about. Islam is peace. These terrorists dont represent peace-they represent evil and war. (http//www.beliefnet.com/). This act helped President Bush gain the support of American Muslims who had been mistreated since the attacks. It also served as a demonstration for other Muslim countries that religion was not involved in the war. Unfortunately, since President B ushs exposure, Osama bin Laden has misled Muslims into believing that religion is a significant part of the war. In a speech he gave on November 3rd, he declares, It is a question of faith, not a war against terrorism, as Bush and Blair try to depict it (http//news.bbc.co.uk/). A top lieutenant to Osama Bin Laden said, The root of terrorism is in the conflict in Palestine. Some believe that if war ends in the Middle East, a majority of the fight against terrorism will be accomplished. formerly, the United States has sided wit... ...gout place, the Arabic version of a pizza restaurant, and chat about the game, life, and whatever. Most of all, what Muslim people need to know about Americans is that we love them. Terrorism is an act of hate, and hate can be conquered only by love. God exemplified evil-dispelling love by sending his son to earth. As American Christians, we are being called to follow Gods example and show our love to our neighbors, the Muslims. I will agree with the Be atles and say that in reconciliation efforts with the Muslims, All we need is love. Now the brainstorming is done and these ideas have been introduced. It is time to act. As students of reconciliation, we must remember that Muslims and their positions can change. However, reconciliation first requires risk and sacrifice. We must take up the challenge and walk through the door of reconciliation while it is open.

Commercials Essay -- Advertisement TV Television Essays

CommercialsWith the increasing impact of media on our lives today it has become easier for companies to manipulate peoples minds through advertisement. With the introduction of TVs in closely every room in our homes, we are being constantly reached by mind manipulating commercials. This situation has become worse through the introduction of the World Wide Web at many peoples offices or at peoples personal computers at home. The facts show that it is impossible to go through a day without being bombarded with advertisements unless you live in the deepest part of the Amazon and even then it is likely that an American Express Employee leave behind find you to hand you a replacement for your recently lost American Express credit card.Since it is so easy to reach virtually every age group through commercials, companies target circumstantial audiences in their commercials to increase their profits. In fact you will observe that companies with big advertisement budgets will produce diff erent commercials for different times of the day to target their desired audience. Also, most companies will advertise specific products to specific audiences however, Nike, one of the most comfortably known and biggest companies in the world today, spends most of its advertisement budget to increase the value of its brand name. It does so through providing an image of being cool, or an supplicant to peoples emotions. Nike also tries to affiliate itself with the best players in all sports in order to provide credibility for the quality of their products in general.In 2002 Nike produced a commercial for the soccer world cup. For this commercial Nike gathered twenty-four of the best soccer players from around the globe to play in a tournament change nobody has e... ...nce and to convey an image of being a cool brand clearly shows that Nikes priority is not to sell only one specific product at a time but to keep their customers loyal to their brand so they do not have to worry abou t one-on-one products since no matter what kind of equipment Nike produces, as long as it has the Nike symbol on it, it will self itself automatically due to the brands fame. Overall, I think Nikes advertisement goal can plainly describes as an attempt to outscore everybody else.Works CitedNike. Ball Tricks. Advertisement. TNT. Phoenix. 1 March 2002.Nike. Ball Tricks Bloopers. Advertisement. HBO. Tallahassee. 1 September 2002.Nike. how-do-you-do World. Advertisement. CBS. Atlanta. 1 March 1997.Nike. World Cup Spot 1994. Advertisement. USA. Miami. 1 July 1994.Nike. World Cup Spot 2002. Advertisement. FOX. New York. 1 July 2002.

Joshua (the Novel) :: essays research papers

Herm&8217s question, &8220Josh, what do you deal of Religion? becomes the beginning of a period of two joy and conflict for Joshua as he is then often encountered with many related questions and, later, contradiction from the Church. These questions all lead to similar answers, in which Joshua expands on his ideas. And because of this just discussion, it&8217s important to read all of his responses throughout the book in order to understand his reply and to intelligently decide to agree or disagree. Therefore, my reaction to Joshua&8217s reply is based on everything he said concerning religion.The question arises from a discussion between Pat, Herm, and Joshua concerning his lifestyle. They are walking home from breakfast at the diner and the other two are interested in why Joshua doesn&8217t mind sprightliness alone. &8220Don&8217t you get lonesome living by yourself? Herm asks (72). But Joshua explains to them that he values the serenity of living alone. He tells them that he can peacefully enjoy the beauty of nature outside and the animals besides keep him company at times. But the main reason why Joshua never feels alone is that perfection is always with him, loving him always, and will never rescind him &8220No. I like being by myself&8230 God is with us all the time (72). Pat and Herm agree but still can not presuppose living alone without any feeling of loneliness and this discussion of God leads to Herm&8217s question.Joshua&8217s response is similar to a sermon or speech, and is all over a page in length he is firm in these beliefs and reiterates them several times throughout the book. He is very prepared for the question to begin with saying a word he asks, &8220the way it religion is or the way God intended it to be? (73). And when he is sure of the latter, releases everything inside him, as if he was just waiting to explain what people had been doing wrong. His main point is that Jesus wanted to free those under the pressure of rules in their religions and offered a comforting God who loved them, asking only for honor and worship in return. Joshua is also disappointed in the way the clergy preside over their congregations &8220Jesus did not visualize bosses&8230 He wanted his apostles to guide and serve, not to dictate and legislate (74). Joshua feels that rules and traditions are blocking people from growing in love of God, that the people become unable to think for themselves and panic when changes are made.

Joshua (the Novel) :: essays research papers

Herm&8217s question, &8220Josh, what do you think of Religion? becomes the beginning of a period of both joy and conflict for Joshua as he is then often encountered with many related questions and, later, contradiction from the Church. These questions each lead to similar answers, in which Joshua expands on his ideas. And because of this further discussion, it&8217s important to read all of his responses throughout the book in order to understand his reply and to intelligently decide to agree or disagree. Therefore, my reaction to Joshua&8217s reply is based on everything he said concerning religion.The question arises from a discussion between Pat, Herm, and Joshua concerning his lifestyle. They atomic number 18 walking home from breakfast at the diner and the other two are interested in why Joshua doesn&8217t mind living alone. &8220Don&8217t you get lonesome living by yourself? Herm asks (72). except Joshua explains to them that he value the serenity of living alone. He tells them that he can peacefully enjoy the beauty of nature outside and the animals also keep him company at times. But the main reason why Joshua never feels alone is that God is always with him, loving him always, and will never abandon him &8220No. I like existence by myself&8230 God is with us all the time (72). Pat and Herm agree but still can non imagine living alone without any flavor of loneliness and this discussion of God leads to Herm&8217s question.Joshua&8217s response is similar to a sermon or speech, and is over a page in aloofness he is firm in these beliefs and reiterates them several times throughout the book. He is very prepared for the question before saying a word he asks, &8220the way it religion is or the way God intended it to be? (73). And when he is sure of the latter, releases everything inside him, as if he was just waiting to explain what plurality had been doing wrong. His main point is that Jesus wanted to free those under the pressure of rules in thei r religions and offered a comforting God who loved them, asking only for celebrate and worship in return. Joshua is also disappointed in the way the clergy preside over their congregations &8220Jesus did not envision bosses&8230 He wanted his apostles to guide and serve, not to dictate and legislate (74). Joshua feels that rules and traditions are blocking people from growing in love of God, that the people become unable to think for themselves and panic when changes are made.

Whaling: One of the Big Issues in the World

Whaling Whaling is the hunting of runs and it is ane of the vainglorious issues in the world. Japan is one of the pro-whaling countries and a majority of the horse opera countries be objecting to Japan. However, this es speculate would standardised to insist t put on whaling is a part of the Japanese rural traditional culture, so it is important for most Japanese people. Therefore, the essay support the idea that whale hunting should non be prohibited.This essay aims to tell people who do not know roughly Japanese whaling well that the true Japanese attitude toward whaling is very different from what they imagine, and o clear up an opponents mis determineing of it. What are the motivations for whaling in Japan? What are the social implications of whaling in Japan? I will answer to these questions. First of all, the biggest reason why a lot of countries oppose whaling is that whales are endangered species. However, the virtue is Japan is hunting adequate numbers concerning t he numbers of whales to prevent them from becoming extinct.In the world, it is said, in that respect are 84 species of whales and out of all of the 84 species, only a limited number traditionally stupefy been hunted, such(prenominal) as soft whales, fin whales, inke whales, humpback whales, sperm whales and gray whales Oapan Whaling Association). According to Gardiner, When whales were over-hunted, species such as blue whales and right whales were reduced to very low population levels, but these species now have been fully protected for decades (21). Then, Japan is not hunting these species and strongly believes that they should expand to be protected.On the other hand, there are species which are abundant enough that marine management is needed, such as the Antarctic and northwestern Pacific minke hales and northwestern Pacific Brydes whales Oapan Whaling Association). Gardiner in any case said that there are three times as many minke whales as there were 30 years ago, and h umpbacks are change magnitude by 17 percent a year (21). Actually, for example, Antarctic minke whales are hunted 850 out of 442,000 by Japan, and this amount is only 0. 2% of 442,000 Oapan Whaling Association).Thus, thanks to the move on use of computers, we smoke obtain precise and clear data of the numbers of whales, so IWC, The International Whaling Commission, is the global ntergovernmental body charged with the conservation of whales and the management of whaling, can determine appropriate numbers of whales to catch quotas on a stock by stock basis. Therefore, Japanese whaling will not harm the health of the whale populations. No whales have ever been hunted to extinction, nor will they be. Then why is Japan still hunting whales in spite of being opposed by many countries?It is because hunting whales and feeding their meat is the Japanese traditional culture. Japanese people have been living with whales from prehistoric age until now. During this long history, whaling cult ure such as songs, dances, and traditional crafts have begun through whaling. On the other side of the coin, Japanese people have received benefits from whaling. In fact, there is a trustfulness in whales which is for holding a memorial service for whales by way of warning because Japanese people know that taking their lives is a really atrocious matter.Peace said that the Japanese do not attach the same significance to the whale as Westerners do because of the way it is culturally categorized (7). Then, the whale waterfall into the ategory of fish rather than mammal the character for Whale has two parts, the first being the sign for a fish (Peace 7). Therefore, it also shows clearly that there is a big cultural difference between Japan and Westerners, and it is very difficult to bridge the gap.Morishita also argued that Japan, with limited grazing land and adherence to Buddhist teachings that prohibited eating of land mammals, has long resorted to the oceans to supply its animal protein. This is why we consider our food culture a seafood culture in contrast to the European and US cattle culture. We recognize hat there are diverse food cultures in the world, and some people only accept eating of pigs and cattle while others regard eating animals as normal, so eating whales is almost the same for Japanese too.Whale dietary culture has begun from around 1952, whale meat was officially included in school lunch-boxes nationwide, staying there for a couple of decades according to Blok (56). Consequently, older generations in Japanese society widely share memories of eating the meat of whales during childhood. It is said that Japanese dietary habits have changed drastically, with beef, ork and chicken, taking over and whale-meat all but disappearing, then whale-mean has become a highly select food, usually enjoyed at special occasions or at specific whale cuisine restaurants (Blok 56).Thus, whale-meat eating became more special, traditional, and valuable action f or Japanese, so this tradition should be passed down the generations. Some people might say that Japan is the only country, which is hunting whales, but it is wrong. Actually, Norway, Iceland, and Alaska are hunting whales too though, Japan seems to take the blame for all the whaling in the world (Gardiner 21). He also continued to say Greenland, the Faroe Islands and Canada take twice as many whales as Japan.Yet the Japanese are seen as taking more than everyone (Gardiner 21). It means that maybe the cable of whaling is almost the one-way conversation and other countries ignore a Japanese insistence. Gardiner also said many articles written on whaling in major Western magazines seem to have an anti-Japanese bias and such media have manipulated various governments over the years into believing that the majority of New Zealanders oppose whaling (22). Therefore, unfortunately this makes people trance the wrong mpression of Japanese whaling.For preventing this, the media must report opinions of the both sides about whaling and have to stick with a neutral position, so that people also can understand there is a big cultural difference. Whaling is very controversial issue in the world and it is very difficult to say whether that action is right or wrong, because, needless to say, there is a difference in values between the pro-whaling and the anti-whaling communities. However, this essay aimed to dispel the misconception about Japanese values toward whaling and understand their point of view.Then the enquiry supports the idea that whaling should not be banned, because some species of whales are not endangered and furthermore, Japan knows very well about how many whales they can hunt without great(p) them with extinction and the country also protects endangered species. In addition, eating whale-meat connects to the Japanese tradition and Japan considers whales as fish compared to Western countries as mammals. Therefore, the essay would like some people to know t hat these truths and not be manipulated by the biased media. Japanese whaling nas social implications, such as culture, tood, and employment.Some people live because the Job of whaling, so if it is banned, they would lose their jobs and some young people have to leave their town, because they would not be able to get a Job. Therefore, whaling is important for Japan so should not be banned. Furthermore, it is important to educate the Western world about this topic, because there are many values in this world, so people must not to be biased when they think about a world issue. Then discussing and exchanging views of the both sides with each other not by attacking mentally and physically would also create cross-cultural nderstanding.

Iraq iran war of 1980 – major facts

Key Dates Context Iraq 13 Millions inhabitants ibn Talal Hussein Hussein is still contested in his own parti by A1 Bakr reliefers and with Islamic mutation in Iran, Shiis start a revolt in 1979. 1st military power in the region. Arabs = 75%, Kurds = 17%, perstan 2%. 2/2 Sunni, 1/2 Shii and 3% of minority (christians, Jews, ) Economic dependency on oil. Others sectors were developping. Baasist regim since 1968 and the second coup dtat (1st in 1963).July 1979, ibn Talal Hussein Hussein finally take supreme power after the elimination of his cousin Hassan A1 Bakr, former Iraq president. Context Iran 35 Million inhabitants Islamic regim after the 1979 revolution Persian = 61 %, Azeris = 16%, Kurds = 90% Shii, 9% Sunni, 1% non muslim (Christians, Jew, Zoroastrians). Economic dependency to oil (79% of government revenues). Others sectors are badly developped. But still contested. flunk of military forces due to purges of new regims.Religious differences Sunni / Shii Had split in 661 after the assassination of All, the 4th Caliph and especially the nephew and son in law of Muhamad as the initiative one who have convert himself to Islam. Political differences at start. Shii thinks the Caliph should be a descendant of Ali and o Muhamad to have the prophete blood. Sunni gives the caliphate to the best muslim. Religion practice too differs. For Shii, they think Caliphs and Imams can interpret the coran. For Sunni, interpretation. are not really accepted.There is also the 7 revealed / 7 hidden imman theory in Shiism. Today 90% of Moslem are Sunni. In the 10th Century, 50% and the two main caliphate were ruled by Shii. Arabs / Persians Economic and Political stakes (Iraqi motivations) Shatt al Arab first reason of the negate Geostrategic Waterway close to the Persian gulf. Use to be Iraqi Since the Alger agreements (1975) the two ountries share the area Iraqi wants to get back Shatt al Arab. The Saddam Hussein governmant (BAAS) is a lay party Stop the Islamic expansion in the region.Factors leading to the War Iraqui political and economical motivations Iran is weakened because of the Islamic revolution Saddam feels invincible (30 days of war maximum) Ayatollah Rouhollah khomeini, Islamic revolution leader has bad relationship with Saddam Hussein Saddam Hussein thinks that he has support within Iran (Socialist and non-revolutionary partisants) Saddam Hussein thinks that he has gulfs countries support Iranian Stakes for winning the war After having won 1% of the Iranian territory, Saddam change his trust in winning the war and proposed a ceasefire.

Describe the Laptop Essay

In our culture we use the Laptop to do our works. Like the homework, projects and designing. A laptop is a person-to-person computer that can be easily carried and used in a variety of locations. Many laptops are designed to let all of the functionality of a background signal computer, which means they can loosely run the same software and open the same types of files. However, some laptops, such as netbooks, sacrifice some functionality in order to be even more portable. laptop computer, sometimes called a notebook computer by manufacturers, is a battery- or AC- military forceed personal computer generally smaller than a briefcase that can easily be transported and conveniently used in temporary spaces such as on airplanes, in libraries, temporary offices, and at meetings. A laptop typically weighs less than 5 pounds and is 3 inches or less in thickness. Among the best-known makers of laptop computers are IBM, Apple, Compaq, Dell, and Toshiba. Laptop computers generally address more than desktop computers with the same capabilities because they are more difficult to design and manufacture.A laptop can effectively be turned into a desktop computer with a docking station, a hardware frame that supplies connections for peripheral input/output devices such as a printer or large monitor. The less capable port replicator allows you to connect a laptop to a number of peripherals through a single plug. Laptops usually come with displays that use rationalise-screen technology. The thin film transistor or active matrix screen is brighter and views better at different angles than the STN or dual-scan screen. Laptops use several different approaches for integrating a mouse into the keyboard, including the touch pad, the trackball, and the pointing stick. A serial port in addition allows a regular mouse to be attached. The PC Card is insertable hardware for adding a modem or network interface card to a laptop. CD-ROM and digital versatile disc drives may be built-in or attachable. Portable and compact personal computer with the same capabilities as a desktop computer. Laptop computers suck up an L-shape design and the screen can be lowered and closed to allow for comfy transportation of the machine.The primary feature that attracts users to laptops over desktops is their portability. Laptop computers provide users the ability to run the machine using an internal battery or an outside power adaptor. Laptops have dramatically decreased in size since their introduction in 1979. Laptops are usually more expensivethan standard desktops and do not have the same life-span as fixed personal computers. The Laptop in my culture has an important place, now you can see every student and every employer have their own Laptop and they are using it for the work perpose. In the past, my culture dont really depends on the computer, but now a old age the culture have change and there is a lot of developing in the way of teaching and working for the country and now we use the electronic devices a lot , and we find it also every where we go because the culture have been change and it become one of the life style in our mundane life. Today, most laptop computers are becoming thinner and lighter to help complete with other devices such as tablets. For the PC these computers may be also referred to as Ultrabooks.

Re: P11-2

PROBLEM THREE Min Shan Shih v the Queen 2000 DTC 2072 Residence Read the Tax Court of Canada case Min Shan Shih v the Queen 2000 DTC 2072 and apologize in your own words the reason for the decision in the case. Solution to P3-3 The assesspayer was found not resident in Canada for the years in question because when any of the facts were considered, the taxpayer never became a resident of Canada.His normal routine of daily living remained in chinaware (i. e. , his work, parents, social ties, etc. ). The taxpayers wife and children became resident in Canada so that the children could be educated in Canada. Facts supporting the order that the taxpayer was resident in Canada throughout the years in question, 1997, 1998, and 1999 Taxpayer owned a house in Canada, readily available to him at all times, Taxpayers wife and children lived in Canada in the family home throughout the years in question, Taxpayer filed a Canadian tax return for each of the years, Taxpayer gave the family hom e in Canada as his address on his tax returns, Taxpayer had applied for permanent residence status in Canada for himself and his family, In 1996 the taxpayer and his family were admitted to Canada as landed immigrants, Taxpayer maintained a bank account in Canada jointly with his wife, Taxpayer owned a car in Canada, Taxpayer obtained an Ontario drivers license and an Ontario health card, Taxpayer was the sole shareholder of a Canadian corporation, In 2000 the taxpayers wife and children became citizens of Canada, and The family home in Taiwan was sold prior to coming to Canada. Facts supporting the position that the taxpayer was not resident in Canada throughout the years in question Taxpayer was employed in Taiwan throughout the years in question, Taxpayer maintained an flat in Taiwan, Taxpayers pay (employment income) was deposited into his Taiwanese bank account, Taxpayer had a Taiwanese drivers license and pharmacists license, All of the taxpayers club, church service and pro fessional association memberships were in Taiwan, Taxpayer visited Canada only twelve times during the span 1996 1999, Taxpayer spent a great deal more time in Taiwan than in Canada, The education of the taxpayers children was the reason for coming to Canada and applying for landed immigrant status, Taxpayer never had a permanent connection with Canada, Taxpayer had always lived in Taiwan, Taxpayer was a citizen of Taiwan, The purpose of the taxpayers visits to Canada during 1996 1999 were to visit his wife and children, Taxpayer had strong family ties in Taiwan, his parents. Based on the facts, the taxpayer was found to be resident in Taiwan during the years in question. Since an individual whitethorn be resident in more than one country at the same time, one must question whether he was also resident in Canada.Apart from the presence of his wife and children in Canada, the taxpayer did not have other connections to Canada which would cause him to be resident. The taxpayer did no t change his life pattern in Taiwan after(prenominal) he was admitted to Canada as a landed immigrant. If the taxpayer had been found resident in Canada, then his world income, including his Taiwan employment income, should have been reported on his Canadian tax returns for the years in question.

Organizational structure paper

Tyson viandss, Inc. Organizational Structure Paper Gloria Sample MGT 230 1 1/07/2013 Dr. William Manduca This organizational structure paper for Tyson Foods, Inc. will show how Tyson Foods confederation Is structures and organized. It will likewise show the comparison and contrast within its work place and company as a whole. It will focus somewhat on how marketing, finance, human resources, and operation department influence and determine the organizational structure for the company.Lastly, it will talk about how the organization design such as products and client base and services help etermine the companys needs across the globe and in other countries that are located In the world. Tyson Food Company challenges Its business, allowing It to have the improvement of becoming a multi business like none other. Tyson Food Company controls the market price for chicken and the overall integrated production. The production of chicken for Tyson Food accounts for 35% of all their produc tion segments. Tyson Foods accounts for 20 % of all chicken production in the United States.Because chicken is the most efficient campaign animal in conversion to meat protein, It Is dominating as the primary meat protein source. Tyson Food utilizes full, vertical integration through an entire seven stage of production, from inception to slaughter, and operates feed mills to produce the chicken ration. Tyson Food has an advantage of operating in vertically Integrated business, dominating the regional area of the united States. Having the opportunity of working(a) with Tyson Foods for eighteen years, gave me the opportunity to see firsthand how the company operated on a daily bases from the corporate offce down.Tyson Foods had a way of doing thing by the book and at the same time showing love and respect in every aspect of he company whether it is management or floor employees. Tyson Foods had rules and regulation that everyone had to fall and abide by. The organizational structur e there was followed through on a daily basis. If you had a problem with something, you did not go over someones head and get out the problem fixed, you followed chain of command. If you could not get the problem solved through chain of command, then you take the next step. I liked working at Tyson Foods because they were all about the business and getting the Job done.At the same time they cared about the employees as a whole. Everyone there worked with a spirit of excellent and enthusiasm. It was so well organized. People did not have a problem getting off work or taking leave if they had accumulated it. Going to the doc was never a problem for the employees If It was legit. Vacation was never a problem either If you had the leave. We Just had to make sure that someone was covering our position facility. This was a plus for the many employees that the employed. Tyson Food is on the Fortune 500 as the second largest food manufacturing corporation.Tyson Foods Company produces and p ackages a large selection of beef, poultry, and pork roducts that come through convenience to their customers. These products are then sold to food retailers throughout the Unites States and 90 countries around the world. While Tyson Foods produce and package food that ties into making a profit, they also take large strides to insure nit customers of its quality of the products the sale. Tyson Foods has a program called the Food Wise Program that educates its customers on how to prepare their food properly, and establishes labeling and tracking systems.Tyson Foods extends itself through humanist efforts to help with hunger and disaster relief. I can remember when Hurricane Katrina came through everyone was in a panic and uproar. The management teams of Tyson Foods quickly put their heads together and began to track down the disaster program design to help people in need. There was no electricity and no-one knew when the power was going to be restored. Tyson management team called diametric departments in to help with the disaster relief, whether it was giving out bags of ice or fixing plates for the hungry. Everyone worked together as a whole and the Job was a success.Tyson Foods wants to school a more strategic overall approach to hunger relief that would engage takeholders and people that have stocks on a more meaningful aim including the team members, community leaders and elected officials, retail and food service customers, and a large number of organizations and individuals involved in hunger reliefs nationwide. Together they created threesome primary goals focusing on approach, communication, and involvement towards hunger relief. Tyson Foods did a survey tracking and analyzing media coverage and exposure, assessing team member involvement, and by comparing actual results with sign goals.Tyson Foods has onated over 50 million pounds of products to help those in need around the world. Tyson promotes environmental stewardship by implementing an en vironmental system to all of its domestic processing plants, back up natural farming techniques. Tysons customers are the lifeblood of their organization and their success. Customer satisfaction is its primary goal and profits are the secondary goal. Tyson Foods aim to deliver great repute in their products and services to maintain a competitive position. Tyson Foods found this to be the most important factor contributing to their customers overall satisfaction.Tyson Foods implementation of structure and organization is very important to the companys development and success. It takes a company that operates responsibly and operates according to marrow squash values and cultures to take the company to the next level. Tyson Foods dwells daily on their core values and morals. Tyson has a lot of resources to broaden a production footprint and continues to be on top at all times. One of the quickest ship canal Tyson was transformed into the mega company that it is that the managers si mplified the strategy kept a simple organized structure. Tyson sticks by the old saying, communication is the key.

Cultural communication in France

French mess have expectations for people they interact with in their realm whether foreign or local. They look to people trying to express themselves in French, because they be proud of their culture and their history with all the roles it has played on the mankind affairs. They have a brief hand shake through when as greetings for when people and also as bye bye when people be leaving. During discussions people face each other and are close to each other. It is considered rude to chew a gun in public, and to have hands inside the pockets term speaking to people or in public.Political discussions are usually common subjects in discussion which gets interesting since they are heated debates, this is a form of amusement but people prefer not to talk about how they voted, or are planning to vote. At introductions people prefer to use the first phone alone. At work, in schools there lacks the spirit of team work as students are taught on a system which encourages individual goal realization. Their dressing is more(prenominal) formal as compared to Americans, but they are not so conservative and they prefer to express their individuality by their way of dressing at work.Dark dour fabrics with patterns are in preference to light colored ones. In their meetings they spend so much time analyzing and little time on aims and steps to take. Meetings done over meals will only commence towards the end of a meal e. g. at dessert. French people are not so consciously punctual. They are a clear line between official matters and those that are private. Privacy is respected knock and wait for an answer before you enter into a room. Organizations are based on hierarchy and centralization.

Jimmy Sevile: Icon in Life, Sexual Predator in Death Essay

Child abuse and pedophilia is absolutely rife, not fitting in Britain but tout ensemble over the world and most tidy sum have no idea the kind of scale we are looking at. Perhaps equally as shocking, the people being uncovered as ring-leaders in the abuse cases are often high profile celebrities and well known public figures. The information that becomes public over the coming weeks and months could shatter not just the BBC, but the whole estate from top to toe, as entertainers, public figures and even former Prime ministers and current politicians are being exposed as child abusing pedophiles.This isnt just a cover up, it is one of the biggest scandals of all time orchestrated by apparently respectable members of the British establishment. That a BBC childrens presenter, Sir open up Savile, was also one of the UKs most active serial pedophiles is still a shock that is reverberating throughout the United Kingdom. Sir poke Savile, was a TV and radio presenter who fronted vario us kids video displays for the taxpayer funded BBC. The most famed of his shows was called Jimll Fix It where kids all over the UK would write letters to him personally to ask if the show could grant their various childish wishes.This was enouncedly comissioned after complaints about Saviles sexual activityual interest in children had surfaced. Savile is estimated to have raised ? 40 million for charity. maven cause for which he raised money was Stoke Mandeville Hospital, where he volunteered for many years as a porter. He raised money for the spinal anesthesia Unit, NSIC (National Spinal Injuries Centre), and St Francis Ward a ward for children and teens with spinal cord injuries. Savile also volunteered at Leeds General Infirmary and Broadmoor Hospital.In August 1988, he was appointed by next-to-last health minister Edwina Currie chair of an interim task force overseeing the management of Broadmoor Hospital, after its board members had been suspended. Savile had his own ro om at both Stoke Mandeville and Broadmoor. In 1989, Savile started legal proceedings against News Group Newspapers after the News of the World published an article, in January 1988, suggesting he had been in a position to doctor the unthaw of patients from the Broadmoor Hospital who were considered dangerous.Savile won on 11 July 1989 News Group paid the legal costs, and he received an apology from editors Kelvin MacKenzie and Patsy Chapman. In 2012, it was reported that Savile had sexually abused vulnerable patients at the hospitals. It was reported that the civil servant who proposed Saviles appointment at Broadmoor was investigated by police and prevented from working with children. From 1974 to 1988, Savile was the honorary president of Phab (Physically Handicapped in the Able Bodied community).He sponsored medical students performing undergraduate research in the Leeds University Research Enterprise scholarship scheme, donating more than ? 60,000 every year. In 2010, the sch eme was given a commitment of ? 500,000 over the following five years. Following Saviles death in October 2011, it was confirmed that a bequest had been made to allow continued support for the programme. The ramifications of the story are however far bigger than just another stomach turning media scandal.In his lifetime Savile had been embraced at the very heart of the British establishment. He was entertained by the Prime Minister Margret Thatcher at chequers, blessed by the Pope and Knighted by the Queen. It has recently come out that in the 1980? s he was taken on by the UKs Conservative Government to look after a high security mental hospital, Broadmoor, where it appears he was given his own set of keys despite no look upd qualifications or training whatsoever. It remains a secret to many why Her Majestys police never managed to catch the man.Scotland Yard now describe him as one of Britains worst sex offenders. Furthermore some people are saying his sexual predilictions were a bit of an open secret at the BBC in the 1960? s and 1970? s so its troubling to think that he was not screened out of the British Royal Familys social circle by an organisation such as MI5. One thing is clear, Sir Jimmy Savile operated underneath the nose of the UKs establishment and only in the aftermath of his death did anyone dare take him on.Jimmy Savile was at the centre of this Pedophile ring that procured children for well-known figures in the British Establishment, including former British Prime Minister, pedophile and murderer Edward Heath. The perverted life of Jimmy Savile was exposed as a pedophile and necrophiliac by researchers such as David Icke as far back as the 1990s, but, people just ridiculed the accusations and the police, media, politicians and of course the BBC have all covered it up.In August 1988, shortly before the publication of a highly critical report into its operating procedures, the entire management board of Broadmoor secure psychiatric hospital wa s suspended by the Department of Health, which at the time had joint responsibility for its direct management. The running of Broadmoor, the highest-profile facility of its kind in the country and the home to many of Britains most notorious criminals, was placed in the temporary control of a taskforce to be headed up by an unexpected figure, Jimmy Savile.West London Mental Health NHS Trust, which now runs the hospital, believes Saviles involvement as a volunteer began in the late 1960s or early 70s. He had his own office in the grounds of the hospital, a bedroom and his own personal set of keys to the hospital wards. Savile also has some ties with Peter Sutcliffe known as the Yorkshire Ripper. Jimmy Savile, became very good friends with the mass murderer while doing voluntary work at Broadmoor. The vast majority of the victims currently coming precedent allege that Jimmy Savile abused them.But detectives announced that they were mounting a full criminal investigation after some of the hundreds of people who have come forward in response to the unfolding scandal made allegations that they were abused by other individuals who are still alive. It is understood that most of these claims of sexual abuse relate to people who were associated with Savile in some way. The Savile case is just the tip of the iceberg because pedophilia is widespread amongst the ruling class of the world but its easily covered up.If the police investigation gets too close to people at the top there go forth be another cover up. A hardly a(prenominal) more celebrity names will be charged and that will satisfy the publics demand for prosecutions but those at the top will once again escape justice. Ritualistic satanic child sex abuse is real. Its widespread especially within the ruling elite and its up to all of us to expose it and put an end to it. If Savile had been exposed while he was alive he would have taken many famous people down with him including those within the British Establi shment.

Lowering the Drinking Age to 18

Its your 18th birthday and your fin in ally a court-ordered adult. Immediately you can smoke cigarettes, vote, be a jury member, tied(p) join the military and fight for your country. further dont think about a having a beer at your going absent party the night before you depart for the Middle East. No, you leave behind provoke to wait until your 21. As an American citizens we are given many responsibilities at the old age of 18. One of them non being the ability to consume alcohol. So I believe that at the age of 18 should have the responsibility of legally partaking of alcohol.If we are considered adults and expected to act like one at the age of 18, it isnt right to restrict us to a drinking age of 21. At 18 you can recrudesce married, vote, pay taxes, take out loans or risk your life as a member of the U. S. military. But the law in our country says that no alcoholic beverages may be sold to anyone until the age of 21. Who says that 21 is the magical age that makes one i ntelligent and mature enough to consume alcohol. Sure some adults holler alcohol and some teenagers would be able to drink responsibly.While 21 may be the legal drinking age in the U. S. no scientific evidence exists proving this is the age at which young flock can safely begin drinking alcohol. (Bryan Knowles). By lowering the drinking age it would take away some of the temptation involved with alcohol. Its not as much fun when its allowed The most ordinary reason for underage drinking is because alcohol is seen as the forbidden fruit. In a study by Dr. Engs, professor of applied health and science, found that by increasing the legal drinking age, young great deal t end up to abuse alcohol more. In actuality raising the drinking age was much worse than doing nothing. insobriety is more exciting when it is illegal. So many quite a little go out and get drunk barely because they know that its illegal (Dr Engs). If we do away with this concept then we are left we people partakin g in less booze filled nights. Leaving the decision of alcohol mostly to the family is the best dodging if the aim is to reduce underage drinking. We should too focus on safe drinking instead of age restrictions. Educating on the power of alcohol instead of just telling them not to drink it would create a better understanding for our young ones Other countries like France, have a much lower mark of alcohol abuse.This comes from educated and gradual drinking. American teens have not learned to drink gradually or in moderation. We need to focus on educating our young people on safe drinking and as a social activity, instead of a type of escape. Why is there still a conundrum if alcohol education currently exists? Because current alcohol education in high school and college teaches the side by side(p) This is how you drink responsibly, now dont drink because you are too young. How does anyone expect students to listen to a teacher when this gibberish is coming from their mouth?Fir st you need to properly educate young adults. Second, you need trust them. If you goody young adults like children they will act like children. If you treat young adults as responsible adults they will act maturely. While most parents agree that serving alcohol to groups of minors should be prohibited, many also reserve the right to introduce their teenage children to alcohol. Supervised, moderate exposure to alcohol in the home with family lays the existence for a healthy respect for alcohol and its associated responsibilities. Bryan Knowles) In conclusion, is 21 really the prestigious age we all cant wait to reach. At 21, does all the maturity and intelligence we need to navigate this macrocosm finally dawn on us Well, our country seem to think so. So at the end of the day when you are deployed to Iraq to serve your country, dont even think about having an adult beverage. Because youre not an adult until 21, you must wait three more years. But look on the ardent side, there wi ll always be a beer waiting for you when you are of age.

Principles of Maintaining Stationary Stock Essay

1 ) 1. 1 Explain the intent of doing certain nonmoving stock is maintained and controlled? A good arcdegree of stationary stock should ever be maintained and controlled because it makes treating easier and saves blowing clip. Normally a comp either entrust try for one unmarried in charge of the stock and that individual go out hold the responsibilities of keeping any stock. Smaller companies be easier to keep than larger 1s. Large companies go off hold much more of a trenchant undertaking as they give take aim a batch more stock or stationary. Besides within a larger company there will be more sections so it will be made a small harder.The individual responsible has to bare in interrogative sentence any budgets the employer/manager had put in topographic point. There are different ways of which you john command the degrees of the stock hardly these are yet once more different with each and both company. A hebdomadal or biweekly visit into on stock is normally the most levelheaded mode. Checking stock degrees will besides assist to detect what stationary is used more within their company. This will demo what is more relevant in purchasing. If the stock is non checked or maintained so the degrees can drop. This can ensue into the company expenditure more money to acquire the equipment/stock they need from a high street store and this can so thwart many workers/managers.1. 2 Describe factors that whitethorn push the future degree of demand for stationary stock. Their will be many factors that whitethorn impact the future degree of stationary stock. One of these is the cost of the stationary itself. All. if non most. companies are doing cut in their disbursement and this is one section that may experience the cut more than others. Employees will be asked to utilize little stock whilst working and bespeaking orders for stock. These may go declined if the individual in charge call backs that the company will non withdraw the stationary or it i s non required. Besides another factor is the usage of engineering. Technology is everlastingly increasing and going away a bigger portion in everyones lives. This means more administrations will be utilizing the cyberspace a batch more. E-mailing more to cut the cost of paper and it is a quicker manner to rail messages or to pass on and run their concern. Letterss are going a less frequent manner of pass oning. This will do each company cut down on the quality of paper. ink. envelopes and casts that are used.1. 3 Explain the intent of doing certain look on of money is obtained when telling stock. The intent of doing certain value of money is obtained when telling stock is indispensable. Each company needs to guarantee that they are non blowing any uncalled-for money and that the stock you are telling is really needed. The individual in charge of telling demands to regard about the bringing costs. quality and measure costs. They besides need to believe about using stripped or ders but can still cover everything that will be needed. The value of money is most of importation because no company wants to be blowing money on merchandises that cant be afforded or on stationary the habit be used. The individual who is responsible for all this needs to hold a good think about what truly needs to be ordered and if it is necessary in the environment. Besides to have a go at it if it is environmentally warm earlier merely telling anything and everything they want to.2 ) 2. 1 Describe how to order. receive. shop and persuade stationary stock points. Ordering before you even get down to order you need to cognize who your providers are. If you dont already have a provider so you need to happen one. You will necessitate to happen a provider that is suited to you and your company. When taking a company you will necessitate to cast these things Are there any bringing charges?Do I have to put a minimal order? Do they sell all the stock we need? Are their monetary determine competitory or really expensive? How long does it take for an order to come through? You may happen it easier to compose a list of the stationary ( stock list ) you will necessitate so you can pick a provider that fits your demands. Once you have found the provider you will be utilizing so you will necessitate to travel through the catalogue or online and order what you need. Besides the individual responsible for this will necessitate to be cognizant of their budget and that they do non travel over.Receive When you do have the stock. it is better to look into the bringing notes against what has been delivered to guarantee that all the stock you need or ordered is their. You will necessitate to look into the reception and look into everything they say is there is really there and is non defective. You will necessitate to place directly off if there are any jobs or any stationary missing. Lastly you will necessitate to direct the reception up the finance so they can look into it against the bill and do certain all the monetary values add up and no 1s is universe over charged or under charged.Shop when hive awaying the stationary you should revolve it so it is the oldest foremost. remembering should be in a nice neat order and organised so you can see what you have and what you dont have. Revolving stationary isnt the most of import thing to make but it is still advisable so that pens and Tipex do non dry out and the paper doesnt acquire creased or even moistures. When hive awaying stationary it is best to maintain all things the same together and take numerate to see how many there is so you know for following clip when it comes to tell how much you should order. throw off when disposing stationary you need to first work out what can be recycled. or if it is environmentally friendly and what merely needs to be put in a normal bin. Most companies now homogeneous a concern with an environmentally friendly provider. They will look at the manner they package the merchandises so it makes it easier to dispose of the packaging. How near a company is to their concern is of import to cut down on the transporting costs.

Komatsu Case Study Analysis

Komatsu Case Study Contents exe hop-skipive director Summary2 Evolution and Strategic Drivers of Komatsu (EME)3 Organizational Culture4 Five-Force Analysis The EME Industry5 SWOT Analysis8 Resource Based matched Advantage8 Financials & Future Course9 Company on The Right Path11 References12 Executive Summary Komatsu, the Japan based humankind move equipment taking on Caterpillar manufacturer has been studied by management students around the globe for eld now. This story of David vs Goliath provides us an insight about the strategies fol belittleded by David in bringing down Goliath.Komatsus evolution and its strategies were studied in comparison with that of Caterpillar. Responses to each others moves in the orbicular earth moving equipment industriousness have been analysed in the context of their international line of reasoning strategies. An pains to analysis was through to understand the environmental elements that affected the competition betwixt the giant and the eme rging. A SWOT analysis determine the internal resources and capabilities of Komatsu that aided it to develop its distinctive competitiveness.How Komatsu achieve a sustained profitability, gameyer than the effort amount despite the volatile international EME market was studied under the financial analysis. The role of fundamental lawal horticulture in enabling Komatsu to succeed in the richlyly competitive industry was also studied in the case analysis. Through every the in a higher(prenominal) place mentioned analysis, it was found out that the party was in the right track. Measures to fasten that the gild continues to stay in the high profitability section have been discussed in the concluding lot of the report. Evolution and Strategic Drivers of Komatsu (EME)Komatsu LimitedorKomatsuis a multinational corpo symmetryn that manufactures reflection mining, andmilitaryequipment, industrial equipments such as press machines, lasers andthermoelectric generators. Komatsu is the worlds second largest manufacturer ofconstruction andmining equipments afterwardCaterpillar. How of all time, in many an(prenominal) areas (Japan, China), Komatsu has a larger piece of ground than Caterpillar. It has manufacturing operations in Japan, Asia, Americas and Europe. Komatsu was especially dangerous to Caterpillar repayable to the fact that it was the second largest EME fol mortified worldwide.The 1920s to the 1930s marked major breedings for Komatsu and prominent product. The connection punctuate that the management should have twain important perspectives * Overseas orientation * User orientation During World struggle II, Komatsu thrived by producing for the Japanese military surplus of products (military tractors,bulldozers,tanks,howitzers etc. ). After the war, the company introduced commercial bulldozers and forklifts to its equipment line up meanwhile experiencing exponential ontogeny precipitated by plastered market demand in a post-war construc tion era. The company brought a wide range of saucily products to market by the deep 1960s.The company keep to expand through the 1970s unless gross revenue began to steadily decline as betimes as 1982. Komatsu now understood the competition it faced merely still held a 60% market share within Japan. With the threat of the Caterpillar/Mitsubishi venture taking place Komatsu decided to attempt a revival meeting of the company. Since Komatsu mainly exported whole machines, the company soon realized that needed to also expand into other markets and influence up assembly plants. Unable to persuade dealers to sell its equipment, the company set up its own class gross revenue offices and authorized small repaid shops to be Komatsu service agents.The company set two goals during the 1960s. * The acquisition of the obligatory advanced technology from abroad * The gain of product whole tone within the company. In the early 1970s, Komatsu started to fleck its distri hardlyor uncl utterwork worldwide, aiming to supplement the direct sales offices with more servicing dealers (similar to CATs). The company entered licensing agreements with two major EME manufacturers in the United States International Harvester and Bucyrus-Eric. They also launched quality upgrading programs in its factories.The program was utilize to reflect the Total Quality Control (TQC) c at a timept. All personnel were expected to strive for TQC. In 1964, the company started Project A which aimed to upgrade the quality of the small and medium-sized bulldozers. In 1972, the company launched project B which cogitate on exports. In 1979 the company launched Project called F and F which stood for Future and Frontiers and its objective was to develop new products and new military controles. The project encouraged suggestions from all its employees by asking them to consider both the need of society and the technical know-how of the company.The company also began to focus more towards its Re search and Development during the early 1970s. Efforts continued with slightly attention to basic research as well as product development. It had the distinction of introducing the worlds first radio-controlled bulldoze, amphibious bulldozer and remote-controlled underwater bulldozer. The management decided to focus on improving the competitiveness of its products. A four- part cost reduction plan was initiated. During the same time the company also accelerated its product development program.In 1981, they launched EPOCHS (Efficient Production Oriented Choice Specifications) whose main purpose was to relinquish the company to respond to the several(a) market involve without compromising its cost position. Also, by the end of 1983, the companys manufacturing had become fully integrated, producing all of its parts in-house. Komatsu has been a leader in innovative quality-control initiatives ever since President Yashinari Kawai decided to leverage MITIs give waying of the EME indu stry in 1963, and fight back in the face of the Caterpillar/Mitsubishi joint venture.The company had managed to overcome volatile market fluctuations over the last a couple of(prenominal) years, particularly in key construction markets, as a result of aggressive organizational restructuring and incarnate mergers and joint ventures. Organizational Culture We can break apart the organizational culture on the basis of the fol low-downing parameters 1. Strength/Weakness of the Culture Komatsus culture can be classified as a strong culture because of their strong alignment to organizational values, which makes them respond to stimulus and help the firm hightail it in a highly efficient manner. 2.Power Distance Due to hierarchy being a precise important aspect of the culture in Japan, the power distance is quite high in Komatsu with a well defined hierarchy though the interactivity between different levels of the organization is also fairly high. The power is also mainly concentrate d in the hands of the chairman who maintains a tight control. 3. Individualism vs communism Again in line with Japanese culture, the organizational culture is more collectivistic with e real employee attempt towards a common goal. Yet certain individualistic natures are also encouraged to satisfy the integral needs of the workers. . Goals and Objectives The culture of Komatsu underlines the heart-to-heart goal it has, i. e. beating Caterpillar and becoming the number one in the EME industry. In fact Komatsus internal slogan is Maru-C, which when roughly translated means encircle Caterpillar. 5. Employee relations and authorization Komatsu maintains very strong employee relations and interprets that each employee has satisfaction in call of work, cooperation with colleagues and winning approval from others, do them feel that theyre contributing to the organization greatly while ensuring that theyre in line with the organization values and goals.Five-Force Analysis The EME Ind ustry I. flagellum of New Entrants 1 2 3 Remarks 1. Economies of scale is low X The industry is based on Build to Order and the machine specs differ from customer to customer. 2. Experience effects are high therefore X Experience in running the transaction in this industry is vital because ample peachy is invested. 3. Product differentiation is medium X specialty in the product quality and the customer requirements is moderate during the time of sales but the differentiation factor lies in the after sales service & availability of apparents 4.Brand identification is high X Customers blindly depone on injuryed equipments. E. g. Caterpillar (55% market share) 5. Capital requirements are very high X Because of the capital intensive nature of the product/ industry, new entrants would stand weak comparatively 6. Incumbents control of distribution channel is high X Access to distribution channel for new entrants is difficult because the branded players maintain st rong relationship with the partners 7.Incumbents proprietary knowledge is high X Ease of starting business in this industry is low for an individual. It demand high degree of prior knowledge 8. Incumbents control of access to raw materials is low X Procurement of raw material (basically steel) is not too difficult as there is cut throat competition in the steel industry boilers suit Threat of New Entrants wretched 6. II. dicker Power of emptors 1 2 3 Remarks 1. Buyer concentration is low X Not many are involved in buying these equipments. Even the amount is high but the distribution is concentrated. 2. Buyer purchase in small volume, and less frequently X The number of transactions is low (non-recurring) but post-sales the dependency on the vendor increases due to spares & put up 3. Buyer switching be are high X Because of the huge initial investment, high life span of the product & the dependence for the after-sales support makes the buyers unbendable 4. Buyers h ave good information X The buyers are well experienced in their particular business and hence have full knowledge of the product 5.Buyers ability to integrate backward is low X It is al close impossible for a retail customer to start up such a business (capital intensive, knowledge based) 6. Close-substitute products are rarely available X A tractor cannot be replaced by other equipments or a bullock-cart 7. Product differentiation of suppliers is low X Players tend to match the product quality is very low because of the cut-throat competition 8. Buyers profitability is very high X EMEs in these industries (mining, forest, agriculture) holds high importance overall Bargaining Power of Buyers Medium . III. Bargaining Power of Suppliers 1 2 3 Remarks 1. Concentration of suppliers is low X The number of suppliers is less. 2. Availability of substitute products is moderate X Raw Materials involved are normally irreplaceable except in highly innovative product. 3. Imp ortance of customer to the supplier is moderate X Steel industry has other customers also (automobile, real estate/housing, other mfg. industries) but due to overturn margins the volume is also important for them. Thus, moderate. 4.Differentiation of suppliers product & service is low X elementary raw materials required are almost of equal quality from other suppliers. 5. Switching costs of the buyer are moderate X Due to strong relationships and credit dependence, the buyers would resist switching very often. 6. Threat of forward integration by the supplier is low X A steel supplier is least equivalently to start the EME business. 7. Importance of the input to the quality of the buyers product is high X The quality of the raw materials determines the quality of the final product. 8. Cost of the input, relative to the total product cost is high X The raw material contribution to the final product comprises of 50% of the total cost Overall Bargaining Power of Suppl iers Medium 8. IV. Threat of Substitute Products 1 2 3 Remarks 1. Profitability of industry producing substitute is NA X there seems to be no substitute industry for EMEs 2. Rate of improvement in price-performance relationship of substitute product is NA X NA for the same reasons as above 3. Buyers switching costs are high X As mentioned earlier, dependence for after sales support and big life span of the product makes it difficult for the buyers to switch Overall Threat of Substitute Products Low 9. V. Competitive aspiration & Barriers to Exit 1 2 3 Remarks 1. Concentration of competitors is high X There is close competition among the existing players. There are around 10 competitors in the industry. 2. Industry growth rate is moderate X The growth rate of the industry is moderate (6%-7%) because of maturity in the industry (more competitors coming in and depleting margins) 3.Fixed Costs are high X The CAPEX involved in setting up facilities is high and this is l owered by JVs to an extent. 4. Product differentiation is low X There is not much difference in the main equipments the competitors make except the after sales service 6. Switching costs are high X Because of the huge initial investment, high life span of the product & the dependence for the after-sales support makes the buyers immobile 7. Exit barriers are high X Asset specialization is high & huge investment makes it difficult to quit 8.Strategic stakes are high X Caterpillar was exposed to mischief in Europe due to Komatsu eating up its market share. Overall Intensity of Competitive Rivalry High 10. *1-High 2-Medium 3-low 11. SWOT Analysis STRENGHTS * Wide range of products Full Line offered * Excellent quality levels in terms of products and processes with Total Quality Control (TQC) being adopted for all practices and supplemented by the Plan, Do, Check, Act (PDCA) cycle. * impairment advantage with respect to major competitors. Large international presence and m arket leaders in its household country as well as a few other countries, especially in the easterly bloc. * Low cost and highly productive nature of the labor force. * Excellent R & D facilities and development of breakthrough and specialized products and adaptation of products to suit user requirements in various countries. * Able to respond to diverse market needs without compromising on the cost position (EPOCHS project). * Fully integrated manufacturing with production of all components and parts in house. WEAKNESSES * Centralized production system which will lead to less flexibility on account statement of changing competitive factors like protectionism, exchange rate fluctuations etc. * Logistical difficulties in shipping and high landed cost. * Weaker sales and distribution benefitwork as opposed to that of Caterpillar. * CAT still has wider brand recognition and a larger brand value * Product range still smaller than that of Caterpillar. OPPORTUNITIES * increment in b ase development in developing countries in Asia and Latin America. * Mining boom in Australia. A number of unique products in its kitty like amphibious and remote controlled bulldozers which can be used for specialized purposes such as working at toxic dump sites and underwater mining. * perpetually increasing usage of robots in manufacturing will give a large market share for its industrial robots. THREATS * Reduction in demand for EME equipment due to the decline of the construction boom, especially in developed countries. * move nature of the waste. * The rise of trade frictions between the US and European Community and Japan. The rise of smaller domesticated companies in the international market. Resource Based Competitive Advantage Let us now analyze Komatsu on the basis of its Physical, Reputational, Organizational, Financial and Intellectual resources. 1. Physical The physical resources of Komatsu are quite valuable and some of it is quite rare such as its unique produc ts such as the amphibious bulldozer but is not hard to copy and is substitutable. In fact CAT still has advantages over it in terms of sales and distribution and factory locations. 2.Reputational The reputation of Komatsu is quite valuable and is widely known as a maker of good quality EME machines at competitive prices but CAT still has a higher reputational advantage over it. 3. Organizational The organizational set up of Komatsu is highly efficient and it is one of its most valuable resources. It has one of the outdo labor relations in the industry. 4. Financial The financial position of the company is quite stable at the moment but is subject to a lot of risks on account of various factors like the fluctuating Yen, decreasing demand for EME equipment etc. . Intellectual The intellectual resources of Komatsu is one of the best in the industry, making it highly valuable and rare, leading to the development of its excellent R & D infrastructure and highly productive nature of its labor force. Financials & Future Course From the limited and abridged version of the financial performance of Komatsu, we can see that the company has shown consistent growth. Yet, there has been considerable fluctuation in the sales revenue and net income over the years. Plotting the data in a graph gives us a clear picture of this trend.The above three figures show that the market-share of Komatsu, in the global EME market, has steadily grown between 1978 and 1984. It is fire to note that the net sales and net income of the company does not correspond to the steady growth in the market share. These ups and downs can be explained in a case by case basis. In the early 1970s, the company started focusing on upgrading the quality of its products to compete in the global market. MITIs decision to open the EME industry to foreign investments led to an obsession for quality and acquisition of advanced technology.Licensing technologies from International Harvester and Bucyrus-Eric and c arrying into action of quality improvement programs led to high costs but they started paying off in the late 1970s in terms of increased market penetration and lower cost of manufacturing. Aggressive exports to Hesperian Europe and other parts of the world in the early seventies led to the sustenance of growth in market share and sales. merely poor dealer network and lack of global servicing facilities led to a overkill of inventories and parts in international subsidiaries that led to substantial decrease in net income.Pricing its products at 30-40% less than that of CATs products enabled Komatsu to sell high number in LDCs. Komatsus ratio of exports grew from 20 % to 55 % in 1975. Late 1970s saw an increased investment in R to facilitate the V-10 program to abase cost by 10 %, reduce the number of part of by 20 %, focus on value engineering and rationalizing the manufacturing process. This dented the balance sheet. Rapid appreciation of Yen against many major currencies led to further constraints. Though the engineers used pessimistic internal yen/ horse exchange rate, the volatile nature of Yen had an impact on the net income.Buying its way out of the licensing contracts between International Harvester and Bucyrus-Eric again led to a major expense in the early 1980s, but they saved the company a great deal of trouble and licensing fees. This led to the unrestricted introduction of products like hydraulic excavators and wheel loaders to the world market. This led to a spike in the net income and net sales of the company in early 1980s. The rise of trade friction between European community and ground forces on one hand and Japan on the other slumped Komatsus international sales after 1982.Subsequent freight costs from shipping heavy earth moving equipment with poor volume to value ratio, synchronous initiatives such as EPOCH, PDCA and increase in R spending to 5. 8 % in 1983 pulled down the net income figures. These are temporary downtrends which will b e turned in to rapid up swing once these efforts start to paying off. Company on The Right Path The company is on the right track. Results of R efforts like superior cast iron development, 1000 bhp bulldozer, and diversification to arc-welding robots, heat systems etc have ensure the future tense of the company.It has spread its risk and has capitalized on changing trends like the embargo by Reagans administration which got Komatsu the Siberian natural resource project. Through it initiatives like F, it has identified the future course of the organization with the participation of its employees. But a competitor like CAT will definitely bounce back stronger than ever. CAT has its distinctive competitiveness built through strong dealership, huge financial reserves, global learning and experience. Innovation, available efficiency, quality and consumer responsiveness are the key factors in achieving distinctive competitiveness.Komatsu has already addressed the needs of innovation, qu ality and operational efficiency. But there is a big gap in the consumer responsiveness aspect. CAT offers service and spare parts in 24 hours in any part of the world. Inventory overkill is a not a sustainable solution, hence the companys immediate concern should be of improving the consumer responsiveness to ensure repeat purchase and nurturing customer loyalty. Companys internal exchange rate has kept it buoyed during riled times in the money market, but initiatives like hedging revenues from international business will reduce forex risk.Innovation is vital, but innovation should be backed by organization commitment. If these innovations are not deftly handled, the change posture cost in R will scuttle the company. Komatsu should hence avoid falling in to the Chasm between the early adopters and early majority of its new products. This can be achieved by sensing the different needs of the early majority and perfecting the design of the products, adopting the distribution networ k to commercialization and revamping its business model based on the new requirements.If Komatsu fails in these fronts, it will fall in to the Pioneers category of the Icarus paradox Danny identified by Miller. References * http//www. cat. com/about-the-company * http//www. komatsu. com/CompanyInfo/visibility/ * C. W. L. Hill & R. Jones, Strategic Management- an integrated approach(2009). Bizantra, New Delhi. * C. W. L. Hill & Arun. K. Jain, International Business competing in the global market place (2009). Tata McGrawHill, New Delhi.

Families of the Forest

ANTH 418 Final Paper This paper pass on be discussing the ethnography by Allen Johnson titled Families of the woods. The ethnography describes the Matsigenka state of Shimaa that live in the Peruvian Amazon. The paper will examine the Matsigenka culture, the require and resources of the culture, and proposed watchs to meet the needs of the culture. The Matsigenka of Shimaa live in isolation along river v on the wholeeys and forested mountains in the Peruvian Amazon (Johnson,1999, p. 24). They live in small villages of about 7 to 25 people, that make up three to five nuclear family ho utilizeholds (Johnson, 1999, p 3).The Matsigenka prefer to live in these hamlets and negate interacting with people outside of their immediate family. The Matsigenka live a family take society and this helps them to avoid being exploited or to encounter enemies (Johnson, 1999, p. 6). Their isolated hamlets argon very self-sufficing good land for horticulture is ample, however, and the low popu lation density and widely scattered small settlework forcets has meant only stripped competition between family groups for what wild foods do exist (Johnson, 1999, p. 21). They live off of fishing, foraging and horticulture and the most big food to the Matsigenka is insect larvae.This provides them with protein and dietary fats, which they corporation get year round from moths, entirelyterflies, beetles, bees and wasps (Johnson, 1999, p. 36). The cultural values of the Matsigenka atomic number 18 non to far from that of Western culture. Much of their religious beliefs ar stemmed from folklore and spirits which promote fit manners within the group. They can be calm, quiet, gentle, provided in any case mean, aggressive, and violent. They might be little sociable in large groups, b atomic number 18ly they are much courteous and thoughtful in individual interactions. They are less attracted to the lure of commerce and new value systems.Their commitment to freedom of the f amily unit is truly remarkable (Johnson, 1999, p. 50). The Matsigenka are a people that are at their happiest when left alone from outsiders and in their isolation. Much of their happiest in isolation stems from the misgiving of outsiders bringing in infected diseases, which pass alonged in the 1950s and 1960s when they first encountered Peruvians and Euro-Americans (Johnson, 1999, p. 75). They maintain societal standards for their hamlets that require independence and being able to live peacefully within a group.They do non imbibe or give proper names to one a nonher and when they do name a person it is usually referring to a deformity or amusing incident (Johnson, 1999, p. 20). Somehow individual men and women must be highly self-reliant, motivated to do the necessary thing according to their own nous with little encouragement (or interference) from others, and yet at the same time be generous in the family and avoid the impulsive expressions especially of sex, aggression an d greed that can shatter fifty-fifty the strongest interpersonal bonds in closely-cooperating family groups (Johnson, 1999, p. 10). wooing is publicly open and a point of delighted conversation at large. For many couples, courtship is a more or less public expression of mutual interest as they test the chess opening of marriage (Johnson, 1999, p. 120). A married couple within the Matsigenka culture give established roles, they are partners with skills in separate areas of surviving. They seek to marry well and make sure to not marry a otiose person. They think that this will lead to an unequal marriage and the lazy person will always be dissatisfied (Johnson, 1999, p. 121). Matsigenka husbands and wives pop off much time together in evident harmony and enjoyment of for each one others company. We frequently find them sitting side by side at home, works quietly at some task, talking and laughing together. At times they become playful and titter or wrestle erotically (Johnson , 1999, p. 120). Anger does not play a large role in their marriages, but it does happen occasionally when thither are beer feasts and the men become drunk. The men whitethorn even beat their wives who in return will runaway to the home of their brother or father.The Matsigenka understand that converse between a man and woman is what leads to pregnancy and that the woman always knows who the father of that infant is (Johnson, 1999, p. 78). They do practice abortions and infanticide if the child is not wanted or is believed to not be the husbands baby. Abortions are utilise if the mother is a widow or already has enough young children, and it is considered the mothers choice (Johnson, 1999, p. 82). In early childhood, the matsigenka overtly do little to hasten a childs development. Their style is best described as a gradual raising of expectations.They do not clack a child to rise up and toddle toward them, but they welcome her when she does (Johnson, 1999, p. 85). The child learn s responsibility from interacting with the mother. The families flavor they need to tame the willful child, so that the family can survive and multiply (Johnson, 199, p. 78). Matsigenka siblings are close and affectionate. They spend most of their childhood in each others company, and interact seldom with other children. This is partially because there may be a couple of(prenominal) other children somewhat, but it is also a reflection of the nuclear-family centeredness of Matsigenka behavior (Johnson, 1999, p. 14). Some hamlets send their children to initiate. The cultivate is about an hour walk each way for most children. The school acts as both a magnet and a repellent for Matsigenka households. Attraction to the school, for trade goods, medicines, and a general sense of security comes into fighting with many of their most basic preferences about where and how to live best. It is these conflicts that account for the abhorrence many Matsigenkas have toward school communities (Johnson, 1999, p. 197).When reading the ethnography by Allen Johnson there are a few specific needs that would benefit the Matsigenka people of Shimaa. When assessing the needs of the Matsigenka community it begins with gathering the information from the ethnography and whence applying it to the community problems. The first need involves their potable water and the coming to it. The Matsigenka get their water from the river closest to their hamlets but because of their desire for isolation and the danger, they do not live close to the river banks.When they are in a the era of high water or Kimoariniku the trails become become muddy and make it rough to travel. During low time of year the little streams that supply household needs during dry high water dry up, forcing people to transport river water in heavy, sloshing gourds up steep trails to their houses. And dry spells occur of long enough duration that crops in well-d rain mounded fields begin to wilt under the intense sun and Matsigenkas anxiously watch the skies for welcome signs of rain (Johnson, 1999, p. 34). The second need of the Matsigenka people is a latrine.Johnson mentions in his book that a house did have a latrine but most of the people would use strips of land where brush or cane grow to spend a penny (Johnson, 1999, p. 207). These are preferred areas for urination and childrens defecation. Adults are fastidious about defecation, however, and prefer whenever possible to hold back until they are at the edge of an old garden or out foraging in the forest (Johnson, 1999, p. 207). By having effective latrines they can ensure proper sanitation, the pre lossion of infectious diseases, and help forbid their drinking water safe and clean. The Matsigenka are disgusted by feces (itiga), not only of other people but of any animal. The feces of toddlers, not yet toilet trained, are quickly amassed into a leaf and disposed of (Johnson, 1999, p. 208). The Matsigenka do try to maintain good heal th but they do not have the proper tools and means to make sure they do not develop any infectious diseases. They try to locate their homes in areas where a family is not living upstream from their location, this ensures that the water will not be contaminated by urination or feces. They have standards of cleanliness to which they adhere, and they respond to injury and illness with all the tools at their command. But their technology for dealing with health threats, and particularly with infectious diseases, is of limited effectiveness (Johnson, 1999, p. 431). Johnson notes that they do not go around with dirt all over them and spiriting bad. They usually sit on the dirt floor with a mat, wash themselves daily, wash their garments daily, and wash their hands before preparing food (Johnson, 1999, p. 431).They also make sure that any waste or garbage is thrown away from their homes and in a designated area. But efforts at hygiene are in a sense a losing battle in Shimaa. In addition to parasites, infections pass freely between members of a household or hamlet because of the invariable affectionate touching and sharing between them (Johnson, 1999, p. 434). The third need for the Matsigenka is the prevention of infanticide. A small but significant proportion of women, a conglomerate perhaps one in ten, contemplate killing their infants rather than acquire them.Men may have attitudes in the matter, and may promote infanticide if they believe another man is the father, but it is generally the womans decision and her action (Johnson, 1999, p. 81). Johnson discusses that some women feel the need to kill their infant because they have been unable to stop it from crying after a few days. Not everyone in the hamlet feels that infanticide is right hand but most do feel that it is the mothers choice. The general belief is that troublesome children should be bathed in hot water, not given up on (Johnson, 1999, p. 82).There is a need of prevention not only with the moth er but also with those closest to the mother. Some of the mothers were told by others to kill their babies, either because they infallible them to continue working or because a co-wife told them they cannot raise children (Johnson, 1999, p. 82). In the difficult choices of abortion and infanticide, the mother has the last say and performs the act, even when her husband or parent tries to influence her decision(Johnson, 1999, p. 82). The final need involves the Matsigenkas bother to school and their participation in school.Education is important because it helps to increase income and knowledge which makes future generation purify able to survive. Many Matsigenka people do not like the school communities because they involve being around people they do not know. Although social relations are peaceful and courteous, in private there is a good deal of suspicion and accusation leveled against members of other hamlets (Johnson, 1999, p. 49). Other Matsigenka school communities beside s Shimaa are much more integrated, visit each other more often, and trade goods (Johnson, 1999, p. 49).This is why it would be safe for all members of the community to be more open and involved in the school systems. With more students be the school there is more opportunity to have better teachers and a better education. Discussing the proposed needs of the Matsigenka cannot happen without having a proposed development insure to accompany each need. The first need discussed was drinking water and the access to it. To gain better access to drinking water the Matsigenka people need manually drilled well to help secure their water and make it more accessible. By working with the school ommunities they could work to gain donations and funding through organizations to help manually drill wells for the people. objet dart doing this, information could be explained to the divers(prenominal) hamlets on the importance of boiling the water to prevent infectious disease. The second need f or the Matsigenka is latrines. This is an important project because it helps to prevent disease and keep people healthy through proper sanitation. Many places that use latrines collect the waste and transport it out to be processed for future use as compost. With Matsigenkas isolation and lack of roads and transport this makes this process very difficult.The project being proposed is to still use latrines but use biodegradable clay or stones to build it so that when the latrine fills up, it can still be used for farming in the future. Another possibility is to use good bacteria to help compost the piece waste faster to help prevent the odor and flies from accumulating. When there is too much smell and flies people will prefer to defecate other places than the latrines. An additional way to cut down on the flies and smell is to install a type of sky light or vent that is at the top of the latrine.By building the latrine it will help sanitation and prevent water from being contaminat ed. While building the latrines it will be important to inform people in the community of the importance of not to defecating in the surrounding areas that they are living. To help keep infectious disease and bacteria from spreading it will be important to inform the community on the important of washing their hands after use of the latrine. The Matsigenka are already practicing good habits by avoid the areas of used for urination and defecation, so this would help in their transition to using latrines.The third proposed development project involves the prevention of infanticide. The Matsigenka people also practice abortions which are done before a child is born. This will not be a debate regarding whether or not abortion is right or wrong but rather a discussion on preventative measures to protect babies that are already born. Infanticide is usually used as a way to direct the population or because of stressful parental situations. The community in Shimaa leaves the decision to th e mother on whether or not to kill her infant. This is why it is important to inform the mother on etter ways to soothe a crying infant and ways to handle stresses regarding the infant. A project could be to implement awareness in the schools on how to handle infants and what are the options outside of infanticide for them and their infant. This is not a problem that could be change overnight. It may take many years of education and awareness to see the number of deaths decrease. The last proposed development project is the need for more school communities and access to education. Education is incredibly powerful and when that knowledge is obtained it is something that cannot be interpreted away.Education for the Matsigenka people can mean opening up their communities to more opportunities to trade and increase their incomes. With more income they can afford to have stronger and more functional housing. More income can also mean better access to medicines and clinics so illnesses ca n be treated early. Attraction to the school, for trade goods, medicines, and a general sense of security, comes into conflict with many of their most basic preferences about where and how to live best. It is these conflicts that account for the aversion many Matsigenkas have toward school communities (Johnson, 1999, p. 197).The Matsigenka people fear outsiders because of their fear of illness and their history with outsiders bringing influenza to their communities. Always a topic of conversation, news of a viral infection in the neighborhood travels quickly. Families scatter to their alternative residences. They will hang on away until they believe the danger has passed and the locale is again safe (Johnson, 1999, p. 198). This will be a hard part of the project to handle but with proper sanitation, clean water, and awareness of proper hygiene their fear of outsiders bringing infection can be lessened. The Matsigenka are unique in their want of isolation.Most communities are smel l to make sellable goods or use of their land, so that they can reach more people to have the possibility of more income. With more people coming to the Amazon in search of natural artillery and to exploit their resources the Matsigenka people are going to have to become more aware and take more preventative action with the outside world. This means they need more information to protect against infectious diseases and to keep their community in the changing world. References Johnson, A. , (1999). Families of the Forest. Retrieved from http//www. sscnet. ucla. edu/anthro/faculty/johnson/ethnography. html